THE LONGEST WORD (ENGLISH)

First you have 'floccinaucinihilipilification' at 29 characters, meaning 'the act of estimating as worthless'.
Then there's 'antidisestablishmentarianism' at 28 letters, meaning 'opposition to the disestablishment of the Church of England'. It is often considered the longest word as it has an actual meaning instead of being created just to be long.
Even longer still is 'Hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia', at 36 characters, it is the fear of long words. They should have made it shorter.
Unofficially the longest word is 'pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis' at 45 characters, meaning 'a lung disease'. It was created solely for the purpose of being the longest word, however, it does appear in a few dictionaries.
The longest place name is that of a hill in New Zealand at 85 characters:

Longest word in English

The identity of the longest word in English depends upon the definition of what constitutes a word in the English language, as well as how length should be compared. In addition to words derived naturally from the language's roots (without any known intentional invention), English allows new words to be formed by coinage and construction; place names may be considered words; technical terms may be arbitrarily long. Length may be understood in terms of orthography and number of written letters, or (less commonly) phonology and the number of phonemes.

Word	Letters	Characteristics	Dispute
Methionylthreonylthreonylglutaminylarginyl...isoleucine	189,819	Chemical name of titin, the largest known protein	Technical; not in dictionary; disputed whether it is a word
Lopadotemachoselachogaleokranioleipsano...pterygon	183	Longest word coined by a major author,[1] considered the longest word ever to appear in literature.[2]	Coined; not in dictionary;Ancient Greektransliteration
Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis	45	Longest word in a major dictionary[3]	Technical; coined to be the longest word
Hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia	35	Non-technical; extended fromhippopotomonstrosesquipedalian; means the fear of long words
Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious	34	Famous for being created for theMary Poppins film and musical	Coined
Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism	30	Longest non-coined word in a major dictionary[4]	Technical
Hippopotomonstrosesquipedalian	30	Non-technical; meaning a word coined so as to be very long	Coined
Floccinaucinihilipilification	29	Longest unchallenged nontechnical word	Coined
Antidisestablishmentarianism	28	Longest non-coined and nontechnical word
Honorificabilitudinitatibus	27	Longest word in Shakespeare's works; longest word in the English language featuring alternating consonants and vowels.[5]	Latin

Speed Study Techniques

Speed Study Techniques by Dr Marc Dussault

A teacher had learned if not master the ways on how to deliver a lesson to the students.  In fact, all of the teachers are constant in telling their students to study hard.  This Speed Study Techniquesby Dr Marc Dussault is a breakthrough when it comes to studying and surely, this will be good not only for teachers but most especially to the students to further develop their potential in their quest of their endeavor.

This is also the reason why I did not think twice to write something and post it here for those who did not yet know how good this book as a reference in studying a particular lesson.  Actually, all of the subjects in the academe are all hard to be learned if you, as the student is not studying in advance or if a student just rely on the teacher’s imparted knowledge on the subject.

I can say, Dr Marc Dussault is an expert as he was able to develop such approach when it comes to knowledge acquisition.  I am also a teacher and in my experience, you really need to do something to stimulate my slow learner students for them to be able to understand what such lesson.

This Speed Study Techniques guide of Dr Dussault will surely help particularly those students with less study habits to enhance their study habit using the revolutionary speed study approach.

My dear students and teachers, this is your chance to break also your perennial approach in learning.  For a cheap price you will have this magnificent book of knowledge

Learn English Online Free

Learn English Online Free with plenty of Resources

learn English online free if you are thinking about learning the English language. There are many benefits to online learning. You are also making an excellent decision.

Your Best Decision

If you have decided to learn English online free then you have made an excellent decision. English is the universal language and it is spoken in almost every country around the world. When you learn English you are opening your world to many possibilities. This means you will be able to travel to many places around the world and be able to communicate with more people. You also will broaden your horizons when it comes to your career. This is because there are more jobs that require someone who speaks English than others out there. You also can be making more money when you can speak English.

The Biggest Advantages

There are many Advantages when you learn English online free. This is because online learning offers the flexibility of your schedule. You don’t have to worry about finding the time out of your schedule to make it to a class across town at a certain time of day during the week. When you take an online course you can take it at your pace and on your time when it is convenient for you. You might have put your education off for years because you worked a full-time job and never had the time to go. Now you can take courses when it is convenient for you.

Another benefit to taking English courses online is that you can take your classes anywhere you want to. If you don’t have a computer you can take your classes at a library or any public place that offers computer access. If you do have a computer at home then you have the ability to take your classes in the comfort of your own home. You can go to your English class in your pajamas and drink coffee and take as many breaks as you like. Having the ability to take a course in the comfort of your own home is one of the biggest reasons people choose online learning as their option.

You can learn English online free and that is one of the biggest benefits. It is free. There are many free courses you can find all over the Internet and you will be surprised of the quality of the courses. Why should you pay hundreds of dollars for a course that will require you to buy a few hundred more dollars of course books and require you to be in a classroom at a certain time? You don’t have to. You can take an online course that provides everything you need for your course and you won’t have to pay a dime.

When you learn English online free you can find plenty of materials that will help you learn. Most of the Internet is in the English language anyway but you can purchase your books and find plenty of resources too. The Internet will have plenty of free resources you can download that will help you with your learning experience. Once you begin an online course in English, you may decide that online learning is the only way to go from now on. 

Learning English to speak English.

English is a relatively easy language to learn and speak. The secret to learning English is to speak English as soon as possible. So as you learn you practice and practice verbally. Some people recommend you watch English TV or videos to help you learn English, but this is not the best method especially not for beginners. Speaking to native English speakers about certain topics is by far the best and easiest way to learn English. There are four easy steps to learn, speak, read and write English. 

For beginners of the English language you must realize that in order to learn to speak English you are going to need to make some financial investments and personal sacrifices. Firstly you are going to need to revise or learn the English grammar (use the internet for this, unless you want to learn all and everything about English grammar in which case you are going to need to purchase grammar books). Secondly you are going to need to purchase software to help you learn to speak English. This is a very important step. What you do not want to do is go on English courses not knowing anything. Thirdly you need to find an English course. Fourthly you need to travel or better work in an English speaking country for 2 years.

Step 1: English grammar is easy to learn. Do not start learning grammar thinking the grammar is difficult. The main differences between English and Spanish grammar are the verbs and how the verbs are conjugated, the pronouns and their placement and the adjectives and nouns. To speak English and to be able to speak English fluently that is all the grammar you need to learn. Use the Internet, books and other materials to learn English grammar prior to your English course. The English verbs are very easy to learn and they are not that difficult in the spoken language. Take a look at the English verb chart, which includes regular and irregular verbs fully conjugated to see just how easy the English verbs are.

Step 2: Investing in software to learn to speak English is tricky. Only because there are several software packages on the market and deciding which one is the best one for you can be difficult.

Step 3: English courses are great for beginners of the English language, but make sure you are spending 90% of the course time speaking English. Do not attend courses where you spend more time on grammar and theory. Learn all the grammar prior to going on any courses. Do not waste more than 10% of the course time on grammar. During the course if you need to ask or confirm questions regarding grammar make them short and to the point and ask in English. Also avoid courses where the majority of the students speak your native language. English language courses can be very social and the learning process goes beyond the classroom. It is easy to stick with people who speak your native language. Avoid this wherever possible. During social course events you must carry on speaking English.

Step 4: Once you have completed your English course, I recommend you go and work or study for a couple of years in an English speaking country. You need to become fluent in both speaking and listening to native English. The only way to accomplish this is to surround yourself with the English language. Working in an English speaking country is by far the quickest and easiest way to become fluent with the English language.

Many English words are not pronounced as they are written. This makes it a little harder to learn English. You need to spend an equal amount of time between reading, writing, listening and speaking English. 

reading skills

Working with children who have had no formal reading instruction in their first language

If the child has not had any formal reading instruction in his/her first language there are several ways in which you can proceed:

Always try to communicate meaning to your student

As much as possible use objects (or pictures of objects) to teach initial vocabulary.

Use gestures and body movements to teach actions. Use objects or make the movements yourself.

Use dramatic facial expressions to get your message across.

Select books with pictures and repetition

Use picture books at the beginning just as you would with an English-speaking child. However, keep in mind that the ELL child may not be able to give you labels for objects or actions.

Look at the book ahead of time and familiarize the child with names of objects, characters, actions, etc., before you present the book.

Use books that have repetition incorporated into the text.

Use a variety of ways to convey a story line:

Dramatize the plot of the book using cut outs that you have prepared in advance, or have the child make the characters and have him/her paste them on cardboard so that they can stand and can be moved around according to the action described in the book.

Have the child draw the objects or characters that you'll be reading about. This will reinforce the new vocabulary.

Introduce written labels for words after the child understands and produces the label orally. Label objects even if the child cannot read the words yet.

Keep in mind:

Even though the child may be able to understand the topic of the story, he/she will not be able to verbalize predictions about the story.

Words that are very common in English such as "mat" or "pan" or vocabulary that is mostly home-related, may not be part of the child's vocabulary. Make sure that the child recognizes the meaning of any words before asking him or her to read those words.

Depending on the child's native language, it may be difficult for him/her to hear some of the sounds in English.

For example: Children for whom Spanish is the first language may have a great deal of difficulty distinguishing between the vowel sounds of "bet" and "bit" or "pat" and "pet." If a child's first language is Japanese, s/he may not hear the difference between "l" and "r" because in Japanese, those two sounds are considered indistinguishable. These differences are learned over time after a fair amount of practice.

Do not expect child to be able to give you rhyming words or words that begin with a particular sound. You will have to provide the different pairs of words that rhyme or those words that begin with the same sound.

Try these activities to reinforce some basic reading skills:

To emphasize initial sounds, you should group objects whose labels begin with a specific sound and a group of objects that begin with a different sound. Make sure that the sounds you choose initially, are very different from one another.

Example: " book, boot, baby, bag, ball" as compared to "fist, fan, father, foot."

Introduce the letter that corresponds to the sound, stick the letter to a paper bag or box, and play game of placing the objects, or pictures in the bag that has the initial letter of that object or picture.

To reinforce the learning of the two sounds, use the same pictures to play concentration.

English Language Learners

Working with Children whom English is a new language

You're five years old. At five you're quite competent in the use of English with other kids. You may still have much to learn, but basically, you understand what people say to you and you can communicate with others.

For a while now your parents have been talking about the fact that you have to learn to read and write, and that soon, you'll be going to school. You're a little afraid and very excited. On the first day of school, your mother makes sure that you've wearing a nice outfit. You have a backpack filled with blank notebooks, pencils, and crayons. You know that those are the implements you will be using to learn how to read and write. As you walk into the classroom the teacher begins to give instructions to the class. She calls out the children's names but she can't pronounce yours. The other children seem to know what's going on. They all know what to do, except for you. Are they laughing at you? Tears roll down your cheeks.

Suddenly, you realize that learning is going to be much more difficult than you ever imagined.

• By the year 2010, over thirty percent of all school-age children will come from homes in which the primary language is not English.
• Though we tend to think of immigrants settling in primarily urban areas, large numbers of recently arrived families live in rural and suburban communities
• In New York City alone, there are more than one hundred languages represented in public school classrooms. The same phenomenon is the norm in many areas of the country. In Rochester, Minnesota schools serve students speaking over 60 different languages. Some of the most common languages spoken by students in these classrooms include Spanish, Korean, Cantonese, Mandarin, and other dialects of Chinese, Haitian-Creole, and Russian. 
• While the speakers of these languages may be all ages, come from a wide range of ethnic backgrounds, from different economic situations, and may have come to this country for a variety of reasons, they all have in common the desire to learn English.

Over the years educators have grown to understand of the needs of students who are new to the English language.

Throughout the history of education many different terms have been used to describe or characterize children whose second language is English. For example, students with Limited English Proficiency (LEPs), students for whom English is a Second Language (ESLs), or Second Language Learners (SLLs). Currently educators refer to these children as English Language Learners (ELLs). This shift in language represents a more accurate reflection of the process of language accquisition.

It is critical that tutors see second language learners as children with prior knowledge and experience about language learning.

As a volunteer literacy tutor there are many ways you can help an ELL child develop the foundation of understanding and confidence necessary to becoming a successful reader and writer of English. Your first step will be to recognize and validate the prior knowledge and experiences of the child you tutor through showing an interest in the child's first language, and through understanding and respecting the hard work that is necessary to master a new language.

This section provides guidance to volunteer tutors working with children who are learning English, and for whom English is not their first language. These are English Language Learners (ELLs). As a tutor in a school setting you may encounter a range of programs designed to provide instruction to these students such as: Immersion programs, Bilingual programs, or Dual Language programs. While each of these has specific supports designed to help ELL students, none offer the one-on-one attention that you can provide as a tutor. 

You can use this valuable time to help your student feel comfortable and confident while trying out new words and phrases as a new English speaker.

This section provides some ideas for how to get started in a tutoring relationship with a young ELL student, as well as activities to help students gain understanding and the ability to read and write their new language.

present continuousand past simple

look at these sentences find out some difference-

I have visited Delhi .

I went to college yesterday.

I have you taken lunch.

Ii watched this movie in2003 with my family.

all these sentences are correct but have some common difference.

we use present perfect for present if work is finished but have some links to present.

if we want to specific the action which has happened in past but something exists in present or something is remained to happen or there are connection with that action which has finished.

look at these examples

I have finished my homework.

I have passed 12th class.

I have lost my keys.

it means all these action are connected with present and it may be going on. we can use just,yet,so far,ever, already,recently with has and have to mention something...

have you taken lunch

i have already taken it.

have you ever been to Delhi?

he has not come ,yet

i have got good marks so far .

Form

Simple Past	Present Perfect Simple
irregular verbs: see 2nd column of irregular verbs Example: I spoke	irregular verbs: form of 'have' + 3rd column of irregular verbs Example: I / you / we / they have spoken he / she / it has spoken
regular verbs: infinitive + ed Example: I worked	regular verbs: form of 'have' + infinitive + ed Example: I / you / we / they have worked he / she / it has worked
Exceptions
Exceptions when adding 'ed': when the final letter is e, only add d Example: love - loved after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled Example: admit - admitted final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English) Example: travel - travelled after a consonant, final y becomes i (but: not after a vowel) Example: worry - worried but: play - played

Use

In British English, the use of Simple Past and Present Perfect is quite strict. As soon as a time expression in the past is given, you have to use Simple Past. If there are no signal words, you must decide if we just talk about an action in the past or if its consequence in the present is important.

Note that the following explanations and exercises refer to British English only. In American English, you can normally use Simple Past instead of Present Perfect. We cannot accept this in our exercises, however, as this would lead to confusions amongst those who have to learn the differences.

Certain time in the past or just / already / yet?

Do you want to express that an action happened at a certain time in the past (even if it was just a few seconds ago) or that an action has just / already / not yet happened?

Simple Past	Present Perfect Simple
certain time in the past Example: I phoned Mary 2 minutes ago.	just / already / not yet Example: I have just phoned Mary.

Certain event in the past or how often so far?

Do you want to express when a certain action took place or whether / how often an action has happened till now?

Simple Past	Present Perfect Simple
certain event in the past Example: He went to Canada last summer.	whether / how often till now Example: Have you ever been to Canada? / I have been to Canada twice.

Emphasis on action or result?

Do you just want to express what happened in the past? Or do you want to emphasise the result (a past action's consequence in the present)?

Simple Past	Present Perfect Simple
Emphasis on action Example: I bought a new bike. (just telling what I did in the past.)	Emphasis on result Example: I have bought a new bike. (With this sentence I actually want to express that I have a new bike now.)

Signal Words

Simple Past	Present Perfect Simple
yesterday ... ago in 1990 the other day last ...	just already up to now until now / till now ever (not) yet so far lately / recently

past simple is always used for past. it means work is completely finished and has no link to present. present always include present perfect and past includes past simple. something has finished and that has no links to present time like;

she  took sweet in hi friend's party yesterday.

he  did my metric education from america

all these above sentences mentions that work has finished. we can mention time like yesterday, before,ago,long time ago and some other adverbs which includes.

सिंपल पास्ट का मतलव है कोई कम पूरी तरह से समाप्त हो चूका है और प्रसेंट परफेक्ट का मतलव कम अभी बाकि है य काम जारी है .

इंग्लिश लेस्सों

Present perfect continuous

(Remember that British and American English have different rules for the use of the present perfect. The comments and the exercises here refer to correct grammar for British English. In American English, it is often considered acceptable to use the past simple in some of these examples.)

The past simple is used to talk about actions in the past that have finished. It talks about 'then' and definitely excludes 'now'.

The present perfect simple to look back on actions in the past from the present. It always includes 'now'.

These sentences are in the past with no connection to the present.

• I first got to know him 10 years ago.
• I started work here in 1989.
• I had too much to eat at lunchtime.

Now look at these same situations seen from the present.

• I've known him for 10 years.
• I've worked here since 1987.
• My stomach hurts. I've eaten too much.

We use time expressions like 'yesterday', 'ago', 'last year', 'in 1999' with the past simple.

• We spoke to him yesterday.
• He came in a few moments ago.
• We made our last purchase from them over a year ago.
• She joined the company in 1999.

We use time expressions like are 'ever', 'never', 'since' with the present perfect.

• I've never seen so many people here before.
• Have you ever been more surprised?
• I've done a lot since we last talked about it.

Typical time expressions used with the present perfect in British English but often used with the past simple in American English are 'already', 'just', 'yet'.

• I haven't done it yet. (UK)
• I didn't do it yet. (US)
• I've just done it. (UK)
• 
  

  • I just did it. (US)

  I've already done it. (UK)
• I already did it. (US)

We can use the time phrase 'for' with both forms, but with different meanings.

• I lived in Paris for a couple of years before I moved here.
• I've lived in Paris for a couple of years and still love it.